TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE INTRODUCTION THEOLOGIES ON THE EUCHARIST and THEOLOGY OF THE EUCHARIST 1 1. JEWISH LITURGY and CHRISTIAN LITURGY 3 2. THE WORD OF GOD AND THE BERAKAH 11 THE WORD OF GOD AND THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD 11 THE BERAKOTH, THE RESPONSE TO THE WORD OF GOD 18 3. THE JEWISH BERAKOTH 26 THE TRANSMISSION OF THE TRADITIONAL FORMULAS 26 THE SHORT FORMULARIES 29 THE BERAKOTH PRECEDING THE SHEMA: THE QEDUSHAH 32 THE TEFILLAH OF THE SHEMONEH ESREH 40 THE MEAL BERAKOTH 47 THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES OF THE CHRISTIAN EUCHARIST 55 4. FROM THE JEWISH BERAKAH TO THE CHRISTIAN EUCHARIST 57 JESUS' USE OF THE BERAKAH 57 THE MEAL BERAKOTH AND THE INSTITUTION OF THE EUCHARIST 61 THE MEANING OF THE "MEMORIAL" 65 THE JEWISH BERAKOTH AND THE PRAYER OF THE FIRST CHRISTIANS 67 THE FIRST EUCHARISTIC LITURGIES: THE DIDACHE 74 . THE APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTIONS 77 5. THE PATRISTIC EUCHARIST AND THE VESTIGES OF THE PRIMITIVE EUCHARIST 89 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TRADITIONAL FORMULARIES OF THE EUCHARIST 89 THE WEST SYRIAN and GALLICAN-MOZARABIC TYPES 93 THE ALEXANDRIAN AND THE ROMAN TYPES 94 THE SURVIVAL OF A MORE ANCIENT TYPE IN THE EAST SYRIAN TRADITION: ADDAI AND MARI 95 RESURGENCE OF THE ARCHAIC TYPE IN THE APOSTOLIC TRADITION OF ST. HIPPOLYTUS 103 THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ANAMNESIS AND THE BIRTH OF THE EPICLESIS 115 OTHER EVIDENCES OF THE SAME TYPE 116 6. THE ALEXANDRIAN AND ROMAN EUCHARISTS 119 IS ST. HIPPOLYTUS A WITNESS OF THE ORIGINS OF THE ROMAN LITURGY? 119 THE ALEXANDRIAN LITURGY AND THE PRESENCE OF THE INTERCESSIONS IN THE FIRST PART OF THE EUCHARIST 121 THE DER BALIZEH ANAPHORA AND THE ANDRIEU-COLLOMP PAPYRUS: THE ANAPHORA OF SERAPION 127 ANAMNESIS AND EPICLESIS IN THE EGYPTIAN LITURGY 133 PART TWO 1. THE KINSHIP BETWEEN THE EGYPTIAN AND ROMAN EUCHARISTS AND THE PRIMITIVE FORM OF THEIR EPICLESIS 1 2. THE WEST SYRIAN LITURGY: THE APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTIONS and the LITURGY OF ST. JAMES 20 THE LATE CHARACTER OF THE WEST SYRIAN EUCHARIST and the factors in its formation 20 THE STRUCTURE AND THE SOURCES OF THE EUCHARIST OF THE APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTIONS 29 THE FINAL SYNTHESIS OF THE EUCHARIST OF ST. JAMES 41 3. THE CLASSICAL FORM of the BYZANTINE EUCHARIST: THE EAST SYRIAN SURVIVALS of INTERMEDIARY TYPES 51 THE ANTIOCHIAN LITURGY OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES 51 FROM THE LITURGY OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES TO THE LITURGY OF ST. JOHN CHYRSOSTOM 54 THE LITURGY OF ST. BASIL, ITS COMPOSITION and the different STAGES OF ITS EVOLUTION 57 SYRIAN SURVIVAL IN THE LONG FORM OF ADDAI AND MARI 67 THE EAST SYRIAN SURVIVAL OF INTERMEDIARY TYPES 69 GENEALOGY AND GENESIS OF THE EPICLESIS 71 4. THE GALLICIAN AND MOZARABIC EUCHARIST 75 THE GALLICAN and MOZARABIC EUCHARIST and its KINSHIP WITH THE WEST SYRIAN TYPE 75 FROM IMPROVISATION TO IMPOSED FORMULARIES the PROBLEM of the LITURGICAL YEAR 84 THE ORATIO FIDELIUM and the INTERCESSIONS OF THE CANON 88 5. THE MIDDLE AGES: DEVELOPMENT and DEFORMATION 91 THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE LATE FORMULARIES AND THEIR DEFORMATION 91 THE EUCHARIST OF NESTORIUS: SCHOLASTIC THEOLOGY AND BIBLICAL OVERLAY 93 THE ARMENIAN EUCHARIST: FIDELITY TO TRADITION IN NEW DEVELOPMENTS 99 LATE SYRIAN ANAPHORAS AND THE ETHIOPIAN ANAPHORAS 104 PREFACE, COMMUNICANTES AND HANC IGITUR IN THE SACRAMENTARIES 106 THE SILENT CANON AND THE ACCOMPANYING FALSE DEVELOPMENTS 110 6. MODERN TIMES: DECOMPOSITION and REFORMATION 121 THE EUCHARIST BURIED UNDER UNTRADITIONAL FORMULARIES AND INTERPRETATIONS 121 LUTHER'S FORMULA MISSAE AND DEUTSCHE MESSE, THE LAST PRODUCT OF MEDIEVAL DEVIATION 124 THE UN-EUCHARISTIC EUCHARIST OF THE REFORMERS: ZEINGLI, OECOLAMPADIUS, FAREL AND CALVIN 128 SURVIVALS AND FIRST ATTEMPTS AT RESTORATION AMONG THE LUTHERANS; THE SWEDISH LITURGY FROM OLAUS PETRI TO JOHN 111 132 CRAMMER AND THE ANGLICAN EUCHARIST 139 THE FIRST REDISCOVERY OF TRADITION BY THE ENGLISH CALVINISTS 145 THE RESTORATION OF THE ANGLICAN EUCHARIST IN SCOTLAND AND WITH THE NON-JURORS 148 CONCLUSION 153